What is shoulder flexion? Shoulder flexion refers to the movement of raising the arm forward and upward, involving the motion of the arm towards the front of the body. This movement is fundamental in many daily activities, such as reaching overhead or lifting objects. Shoulder flexion refers to the movement of raising the arm forward…
What are muscular knots? Muscle knots, also known as myofascial trigger points, are tight, sensitive areas of muscle that form when muscle fibers tense up and fail to release. These knots can develop due to overuse, poor posture, stress, or injury, and are commonly found in the neck, back, and shoulders. Muscle knots can lead…
Introduction The subtalar joint, located just below the ankle joint, plays a critical role in foot and ankle biomechanics. It connects the talus (a bone in the foot) with the calcaneus (heel bone), enabling the complex movements of inversion and eversion, which allow the foot to adapt to uneven surfaces. As a synovial joint, this…
Introduction: Exercises for Piriformis Syndrome strengthen the hip muscles and improve the mobility of the piriformis muscle and surrounding hip muscles, which is important during piriformis syndrome. Stretching the piriformis improves muscular flexibility and reduces piriformis syndrome symptoms. Pinching the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle results in piriformis syndrome, a neuromuscular disorder. The piriformis…
Introduction: A midfoot sprain occurs when the ligaments that support the middle section of the foot, known as the midfoot, are overstretched or torn. This area plays a crucial role in stabilizing the arch of the foot and supporting proper movement during activities like walking, running, and jumping. Midfoot sprains can range from mild to…
Introduction Corneal Refractive Therapy (CRT), also known as Orthokeratology, is a non-surgical treatment designed to correct vision by temporarily reshaping the cornea using specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses. Worn overnight, these lenses gently mold the cornea, allowing for clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses. CRT is particularly effective…
Introduction The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical tool used to assess spasticity in individuals, particularly those with neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Severe spasticity has a profound effect on a patient’s life, influencing everything from everyday activities to mental health and even financial security. However, spasticity can help…
What is a Carrying Angle of The Elbow? The carrying angle is the angle formed between the long axis of the humerus and the forearm when the arm is extended and the palms face forward. According to anatomy, an adult human’s carrying angle is generally 10° for men and 13° for women. In addition to…
Introduction Hemiplegic gait is caused by neurological damage, most commonly caused by a stroke, severe brain damage, or other central nervous system problems. It differentiates itself by a particular movement pattern that affects only one side of the body, presenting mobility and balance issues. Understanding hemiplegic gait requires an examination of its causes, characteristics, rehabilitation…
Introduction The Tardieu Scale is a clinical tool used to assess muscle spasticity, particularly in individuals with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or after stroke. In 1954, Tardieu and colleagues created the Tardieu Scale. It was changed in 1969 by Held and Pierrot-Deseilligny, and then in 1999 Boyd and Graham made more changes. Purpose…
