Introduction The vagus nerve, also known as the 10th cranial nerve or CN X, is one of the longest and most complex nerves in the human body. It starts in the brainstem, travels through the neck, chest, and abdomen, and branches out to the heart, lungs, digestive tract, and even the tongue and ears. The…
Introduction The accessory nerve, also known as cranial nerve XI (CN XI), is one of the 12 cranial nerves in humans. It is considered a motor nerve and primarily innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which play crucial roles in head and shoulder movements. It has a cranial and a spinal component, though there is…
Introduction Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): The term Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) refers to a therapeutic approach that involves stimulating proprioceptors (such as the muscle spindle and the Golgi tendon organs) in addition to other sensory stimuli (tactile, visual, or verbal) at the beginning (i.e., during the cognitive phase of motor learning) and gradually decreasing them…
Optic neuritis is the term for an inflammation of the optic nerve. This results in various symptoms like pain and blurred vision. This disease shows a strong association with other autoimmune diseases as well as chronic conditions like multiple sclerosis. Optic neuritis may be lessened or prevented, and more serious long-term effects may be avoided,…
Exercise is necessary for Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) management and correction. Muscle abnormalities in the upper body are an indicator of Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS), a postural disorder. It usually happens as a result of extended periods of bad posture, like bending over or hunching over a computer. In the neck, shoulders, and upper back,…
Trochlear nerve palsy, also known as fourth cranial nerve palsy, occurs when the trochlear nerve loses its function, leading to either partial or complete paralysis of the superior oblique muscle. Fourth nerve palsy is diagnosed when there is paralysis in one of the eye muscles. Disorders or trauma to the fourth cranial nerve are responsible…
What Is The Stapedius Muscle? The human body’s smallest skeletal muscle is the stapedius. Its function is to maintain the stapes, or combing bone, of the middle ear, the smallest bone in the body, measuring slightly over a millimeter in length. Structure The stapedius inserts into the stapes neck after coming from a small foramen…
What is a Colle’s Fracture? The Colles fracture, named for Abraham Colles, who initially reported a distal radius fracture in 1814 at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, is one of the most frequent fractures seen in orthopedic practice, accounting for 17.5% (or one-sixth) of all adult fractures that present to the emergency room….
Knee pain when squatting is a typical issue among those who do strength training exercises. Squats are a popular exercise among athletes, powerlifters, bodybuilders, and other physically active people because they are extremely successful at increasing lower-body strength, muscular mass, and general athleticism. The source of the pain may be under your kneecap or in other parts of your joint. When I squat, why do I have knee pain? Considered as the foundation of lower body growth, squats are…
What is a Mallet Finger? “Mallet finger,” also known as “baseball finger,” is a common injury affecting the extensor tendon of the finger. This injury typically occurs when an object forcefully strikes the tip of a finger, causing sudden flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. An injury to the thin tendon that straightens a…
