Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an uncommon disorder that can produce shooting, stabbing, or intense pain in the back of the tongue, the tonsils, or the middle ear. The path that the discomfort follows is the glossopharyngeal nerve, which runs deep in the neck. It supports the eustachian tube, middle ear, parotid gland (one of the salivary…
What is Smith Fracture? A fracture that involves volar displacement or distal radius angulation is referred to as a Smith fracture. It usually occurs from a fall onto the dorsum of the hand with the wrist flexed. A Smith’s fracture, often referred to as a reverse Colles’ fracture, is the volar, or forward, displacement fracture…
Introduction Relaxation techniques are a diverse array of practices specifically designed to help individuals achieve a state of calm and balance, counteracting the effects of stress and anxiety. Stress can have physiological effects in addition to psychological ones, including elevated heart rate, palpitations, excessive perspiration, dyspnea, and tense muscles. Numerous varieties of relaxation techniques can be…
What is a Genu Recurvatum? The disorder known as genu recurvatum, or knee hyperextension, is characterized by excessive knee joint extension or backward bending beyond its normal range of motion. When standing straight, the lower leg is positioned behind the thigh due to the knee joint’s extension backward. Incidence Congenital genu recurvatum is an uncommon…
Brachioradialis muscle exercises are essential for improving forearm strength, enhancing grip endurance, and supporting overall arm functionality. Strengthening this muscle not only aids in everyday tasks but also contributes to better performance in various sports and physical activities where a strong and stable forearm is advantageous. Additionally, a well-developed brachioradialis can add to the aesthetic…
Knee injuries are a common, frequently painful medical condition that can impact people of all ages and activity levels. The knee joint is a complex structure comprised of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all of which cooperate to support and facilitate a range of movements. However, the knee may suffer injuries from a variety of sources, including…
What is Rigidity? Rigidity refers to a condition characterized by an increased resistance to passive movement, which remains constant regardless of the position or velocity of the movement. This type of muscular hypertonia is distinct from other forms of muscle stiffness, such as spasticity, where resistance varies with the speed of motion. Many authors use…
The chest muscles, also known as the pectoral muscles, play a crucial role in the upper body’s strength and functionality. These muscles are primarily responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, including flexion, adduction, and rotation of the arm. The pectoral region is found on the anterior chest wall. The serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major,…
Lumbar radiculopathy refers to a condition where the spinal nerve roots in the lower back, specifically the lumbar region, are compressed or irritated. This compression can result from various factors, such as herniated discs, bone spurs, degenerative disc disease, or spinal stenosis. Definition The condition known as lumbar radiculopathy is an inflammation of a nerve root in…
Introduction The gluteal muscles, commonly known as the glutes, comprise a group of three muscles located in the buttock region. These muscles play a pivotal role in a variety of movements involving the hip and thigh, contributing significantly to posture, stability, and locomotion. Anatomically significant, the gluteal region is located on the posterior aspect of…
