Multiple System Atrophy: What is it? Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurological illness that causes some brain regions to degenerate. Over time, this impairs the capacities and functioning…
Ankle Plantar Flexion Ankle plantar flexion is the movement of pointing the toes downward, away from the body, as in pressing a gas pedal. It engages muscles like the gastrocnemius,…
Cervical Flexion Cervical flexion is the movement of the neck where the chin moves toward the chest, reducing the angle between the head and the neck. It involves the contraction…
Introduction The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is a strong, fibrous band located on the lateral side of the ankle. It connects the fibula to the calcaneus (heel bone) and provides stability…
Introduction Hives, which are a skin rash that can be very itchy, often occur due to an allergic reaction to food or something you have come into contact with. Hives…
Introduction A Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injury involves a sprain or tear of the ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. It often…
A Bruises, also known as ecchymosis, is a common skin discoloration caused by bleeding beneath the skin due to trauma or injury. It typically appears as a purplish, blue, or…
Introduction: Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur when the ligaments supporting the ankle stretch or tear, often due to sudden twists or rolls. Proper rehabilitation exercises can help restore…
Introduction The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is a strong, fibrous band that runs along the back (posterior) of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal. It extends from the cervical…
Definition: A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury occurs when the ligament on the inside of the knee is over-stretched, partially torn, or torn completely. It is mostly caused by a…