Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy, also known as Accessory Nerve Palsy, is a neurological condition characterized by the dysfunction of the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI). This nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are essential for head rotation, shoulder elevation, and certain movements of the neck and scapula. Damage…
What is a Lumbarization? Lumbarization is a spinal anomaly in which the first sacral vertebra (S1) exhibits characteristics typically found in the lumbar vertebrae. In actuality, lumbarization is a congenital anomaly, meaning that a person has it from birth. The first sacral vertebra in this instance is not joined to the remainder of the sacrum….
What is an Ape hand deformity? Ape Hand Deformity is a particular condition characterized by the inability to move the thumb away from the rest of the hand, resulting in a hand posture where the thumb is aligned with the other fingers. This deformity primarily arises from damage to the median nerve, which impairs the…
A fluid-filled lump beneath the skin’s surface that develops on or around tendons and joints is called a ganglion cyst, sometimes known as a bible cyst. They frequently go away on their own and rarely produce any symptoms. Treatment options include outpatient surgery (ganglionectomy) and observation. Overview A little bump immediately below the skin that…
Introduction A patellar fracture, commonly known as a broken kneecap, is a disruption of the patella, the small bone that sits at the front of the knee joint. The largest sesamoid bone in the human body is called the patella. The thickest layer of cartilage in the body is found on the posterior portion of…
What is a Sacralization? A typical abnormality of the spine is called sacralization, which occurs when the fifth vertebra joins the sacrum bone at the base of the spine. It is possible for the fifth lumbar vertebra, or L5, to fuse entirely, partly, or on both sides of the sacrum. One congenital abnormality that affects…
Cubitus valgus deformity is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal outward angulation of the extended forearm in relation to the arm, typically measured in the frontal plane. What is a Cubitus Valgus Deformity? When the forearm is completely extended, it is inclined away from the body more than usual due to a medical condition…
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an uncommon disorder that can produce shooting, stabbing, or intense pain in the back of the tongue, the tonsils, or the middle ear. The path that the discomfort follows is the glossopharyngeal nerve, which runs deep in the neck. It supports the eustachian tube, middle ear, parotid gland (one of the salivary…
What is Smith Fracture? A fracture that involves volar displacement or distal radius angulation is referred to as a Smith fracture. It usually occurs from a fall onto the dorsum of the hand with the wrist flexed. A Smith’s fracture, often referred to as a reverse Colles’ fracture, is the volar, or forward, displacement fracture…
What is a Genu Recurvatum? The disorder known as genu recurvatum, or knee hyperextension, is characterized by excessive knee joint extension or backward bending beyond its normal range of motion. When standing straight, the lower leg is positioned behind the thigh due to the knee joint’s extension backward. Incidence Congenital genu recurvatum is an uncommon…
