What is Shoulder Extension? Shoulder extension refers to the movement of the arm behind the body through the shoulder joint. When two components are united by a joint, an extension is a movement in which the angle between them increases. Stretching is done by reaching behind your back or imagining your hands in your back…
What is shoulder flexion? Shoulder flexion refers to the movement of raising the arm forward and upward, involving the motion of the arm towards the front of the body. This movement is fundamental in many daily activities, such as reaching overhead or lifting objects. Shoulder flexion refers to the movement of raising the arm forward…
Introduction The movements of the shoulder joint, known as adduction and abduction, permit the arm to move either inward or outward toward the body. For a variety of everyday tasks and upper-extremity sports, these movements are crucial. What is Shoulder abduction? Shoulder abduction is a fundamental movement of the shoulder joint, where the arm is…
Knee Flexion and Extension: What Is It? Knee flexion and extension are fundamental movements that play a crucial role in our daily activities, from walking and running to sitting and standing. These movements involve the bending (flexion) and straightening (extension) of the knee joint, which is one of the largest and most complex joints in…
Definition Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs) are involuntary, automatic responses to a stimulus applied to a tendon, typically involving the muscle it is connected to. These reflexes are essential for assessing the integrity of the nervous system, particularly the motor and sensory pathways. When a typical person taps a muscular tendon vigorously, the two-neuron reflex arc…
Introduction: A critical procedure that is necessary for the knee’s ultimate extension is the locking and unlocking mechanism of the joint, often known as the “Screw home mechanism (SHM)”. An individual with a locked knee may find it difficult to bend or straighten their leg for extended periods. This ailment might be chronic or uncommon….
The level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood can vary depending on various factors such as age, sex, and underlying health conditions. Generally, a mildly elevated ALP level may not be a cause for concern and can be due to factors like growth spurts in children or pregnancy. However, significantly elevated levels of ALP…
Isometric exercise, often referred to as static strength training, is a form of physical activity where muscles are contracted without changing their length. Unlike traditional resistance training exercises that involve movement, isometric exercises involve holding a position against resistance. These exercises can be performed using body weight, resistance bands, or even everyday objects like walls…
What is a Pain Gate Mechanism? The pain gate mechanism, proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965, revolutionized the understanding of pain perception and management. This theory elucidates how the central nervous system modulates and regulates pain signals, influencing an individual’s perception of pain intensity. The concept of the pain gate mechanism suggests that the…
Introduction Cervical neck pain is a prevalent issue worldwide and constitutes a significant public health problem. According to a population-based study conducted in Canada, the lifetime prevalence of neck pain in adults is 66.7%, and 22.2% of Canadians reported neck pain on the day of the survey. In Europe, annual neck pain prevalence ranges from…
