Introduction The glossopharyngeal nerve is also called the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX). It is one of the four cranial nerves, that perform sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. It starts from the medulla oblongata and ends in the pharynx. The glossopharyngeal nerve has multiple branches. The tympanic branch supplies the middle ear. The stylopharyngeal branch…
Introduction The vestibulocochlear nerve is also called cranial nerve eight (CN VIII). The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) connects the vestibular and cochlear nerves. It is situated within the internal auditory meatus (internal auditory canal). The cochlear nerve controls hearing, while the vestibular nerve controls balance and eye movements. CN VIII injuries are caused by pathological…
Radial Nerve Anatomy The radial nerve is a peripheral nerve that supplies specific regions of the arm, wrist, hand, and forearm (see Image). posterior nerves of the upper extremities. This nerve functions as a sensory and motor nerve. The extrinsic wrist and hand extensors, posterior forearm muscles, and posterior arm muscles are all triggered by…
A Cranial Nerve Disorder is a dysfunction of one of the twelve cranial nerves, which originate at the base of the brain, travel via openings in the skull, and supply various areas of the head, neck, and trunk. These conditions can result in facial paralysis, tingling, numbness, weakness, or pain, including in the eyes. The cranial…
The longus capitis muscle is one of the four deep muscles of the anterior neck. It originates from the transverse processes of the third to the sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts onto the basilar part of the occipital bone. What Is The Longus Capitis Muscle? A deep anterior neck muscle that runs in front of…
Introduction The abducens nerve, also known as the abducent nerve, controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, allowing your eye to rotate away from the centre of your body and look left or right. The 6th cranial nerve (CN VI) functions as the abducens. This nerve only has a motor function and not a…
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is a prominent anatomical structure located in the forearm, essential for various t is situated on the ulnar side of the forearm, running along the posterior aspect. The posterior edge of the ulna and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus are the origins of this muscle. It extends distally, inserting…
The serratus anterior muscle is a crucial anatomical structure located on the lateral aspect of the rib cage, extending from the first to ninth ribs. Often referred to as the “boxer’s muscle” due to its prominence in fighters, this muscle plays a vital role in various arm and shoulder movements, contributing significantly to upper body…
Introduction The triangular, flat scapula bone is referred to as the “shoulder blade”. It is located in the upper thoracic region on the posterior part of the rib cage. It connects the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint to form the shoulder joint. The scapula is attached to 17…
The levator scapulae muscle is a key anatomical structure located in the posterior region of the neck. As its name suggests, this muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula, or shoulder blade, hence playing a crucial role in shoulder movement and stabilization. What Are Levator Scapulae Muscles? The levator scapulae can extend and laterally flex…
