Hip Flexion and Extension: What Is It? Hip flexion and extension are basic hip joint motions that are necessary for a variety of tasks, including sitting, jogging, jumping, and walking. It is necessary to understand hip flexion and extension for the purpose of evaluating and improving functional mobility, athletic performance, and rehabilitation. Hip flexion is…
The coccygeal nerve is the 31st and final spinal nerve, arising from the coccygeal region of the spinal cord. It primarily contributes to the coccygeal plexus, which provides sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx and motor fibers to parts of the pelvic floor muscles. It plays a minor role in overall nerve function…
What is an Ulnar and Radial Deviation of the Wrist? Radial and ulnar deviations are functionally significant wrist movement, they are essential for maintaining the wrist joint‘s overall stability and balance. By equitably distributing pressures across the wrist joint during weight-bearing exercises, these movements help reduce the likelihood of injury or excessive strain on specific…
Anatomy of Gastrocnemius Muscle The gastrocnemius is a large, two-headed muscle in the calf that forms the bulk of its shape. It originates from the femur and inserts into the Achilles tendon, working with the soleus muscle to enable plantar flexion of the foot and assist in knee flexion. It plays a crucial role in…
The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint located between the left and right pubic bones of the pelvis. It provides stability while allowing slight movement to accommodate activities such as walking and childbirth. The joint is reinforced by strong ligaments and contains a fibrocartilaginous disc that helps absorb shock. Introduction The hip bones’ left and…
Introduction The inferior gluteal nerve is also a motor branch of the sacral plexus, coming from the posterior divisions of the L5, S1, and S2 anterior roots. It flows inferiorly and exits the pelvic cavity via the larger sciatic foramen while going inferiorly to the piriformis muscle. The gluteus maximus muscle receives motor innervation from…
The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a synovial pivot joint located between the distal ends of the radius and ulna. It allows for forearm rotation (pronation and supination) by enabling the radius to move around the fixed ulna. Stability is provided by the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), along with ligaments and muscle support. The DRUJ…
Introduction The superior gluteal nerve, a motor branch of the sacral plexus, originates from the posterior divisions of the L4, L5, and S1 anterior roots. The superior gluteal nerve and vessels travel through the greater sciatic foramen before passing superiorly to the piriformis muscle. From there, the nerve splits into its superior and inferior branches,…
Introduction The suprascapular nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) that supplies motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, which are key for shoulder movement and stability. It also carries sensory fibers to the glenohumeral joint and surrounding ligaments. The nerve passes through the suprascapular notch, where it is susceptible to compression…
Introduction The common peroneal nerve (also known as the common fibular nerve) is a branch of the sciatic nerve, originating in the lumbosacral plexus (L4-S2). It wraps around the head of the fibula, making it vulnerable to injury. The nerve then divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves, innervating the lateral and anterior compartments…
