Overview Anatomy The calf muscle is situated at the back of the lower leg. It has two muscles: the gastrocnemius as well as the soleus.These two muscles meet at the Achilles tendon, which is directly attached to the heel. Any leg/foot motion uses these muscles. The calf muscle is composed of 2 main muscles: The gastrocnemius…
What is the Thoracic Spine? The thoracic spine, also known as the upper or middle back, is a crucial region of the vertebral column situated between the cervical and lumbar spine. Consisting of twelve vertebrae (T1-T12), the thoracic spine plays a pivotal role in providing structural support, protecting vital organs, and facilitating various bodily movements….
Lumbar Spine Anatomy The lower end of the spinal column between the first sacral vertebra (S1) and the last thoracic vertebra (T12) is known as the lumbar spine. The five robust and movable vertebrae (L1–L5) that provide the dispersion of axial stresses shield the spinal cord in this area. At the level of the L1…
Hemiplegia is the medical term for one side of the body paralysis. It might impact the left or right side of the arms, legs, and facial muscles. It is a symptom of other disorders rather than a separate illness. Hemiplegia can result from diseases such as brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, and strokes. It could be either…
Overview Quadriceps Muscle Anatomy The quadriceps muscle, also known as the quadriceps femoris or knee extensor, is a large muscle group that covers the front of the thigh and is one of the four muscle groups that make up the lower limb’s strongest muscle. It is the knee’s super extensor muscle, which forms a bulky…
What is a Weight-Bearing Exercise? Weight-bearing exercises, also known as resistance or strength training, are a cornerstone of physical fitness. Unlike cardiovascular exercises like walking or cycling, which primarily focus on improving cardiovascular health and burning calories, weight-bearing exercises target muscular strength, endurance, and bone density. These exercises require muscles to work against resistance, be…
Introduction Maintaining normal spinal movement patterns during the developmental stage requires an adequate range of motion (ROM). The individual vertebra’s shape changes during growth and maturation, leading to changes in posture and mobility in the mature spine. Understanding patterns of change across the adult lifespan and the proposed reasons for these changes is essential for…
Introduction Intertrochanteric fractures are those that occur between the greater and lesser trochanters of the proximal femur outside the capsule. The dense trabecular bone that makes up the intertrochanteric portion of the femur is situated between the greater and lesser trochanters. The greater trochanter is where the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, and piriformis…
Introduction Gout is an inflammatory disease that causes joint pain and swelling, usually in flares that last a week or two before resolving. Gout flares typically start in your big toe or lower leg. Gout develops when excessive amounts of urate accumulate in your body over time, resulting in needle-shaped crystals in and around the joint….
What is Lumbar Spondylosis? Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the discs, vertebrae, and associated facet joints in the lower portion of the spine called the lumbar region. Specifically, it involves wear and tear damage and abnormalities related to the lumbar spinal discs. The intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae and…
