Knee injuries are a common, frequently painful medical condition that can impact people of all ages and activity levels. The knee joint is a complex structure comprised of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all of which cooperate to support and facilitate a range of movements. However, the knee may suffer injuries from a variety of sources, including…
What is Rigidity? Rigidity refers to a condition characterized by an increased resistance to passive movement, which remains constant regardless of the position or velocity of the movement. This type of muscular hypertonia is distinct from other forms of muscle stiffness, such as spasticity, where resistance varies with the speed of motion. Many authors use…
The chest muscles, also known as the pectoral muscles, play a crucial role in the upper body’s strength and functionality. These muscles are primarily responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, including flexion, adduction, and rotation of the arm. The pectoral region is found on the anterior chest wall. The serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major,…
Lumbar radiculopathy refers to a condition where the spinal nerve roots in the lower back, specifically the lumbar region, are compressed or irritated. This compression can result from various factors, such as herniated discs, bone spurs, degenerative disc disease, or spinal stenosis. Definition The condition known as lumbar radiculopathy is an inflammation of a nerve root in…
Introduction The gluteal muscles, commonly known as the glutes, comprise a group of three muscles located in the buttock region. These muscles play a pivotal role in a variety of movements involving the hip and thigh, contributing significantly to posture, stability, and locomotion. Anatomically significant, the gluteal region is located on the posterior aspect of…
The condition known as vestibular neuritis damages the inner ear’s vestibulocochlear nerve. This nerve transmits data from your inner ear to your brain regarding your head posture and balance. When the vestibular nerve in your inner ear is swollen or gets inflamed, vestibular neuritis develops. Your brain’s ability to process information is disrupted when this nerve…
What is a Spasticity? One aspect of upper motor neuron syndrome is spasticity, a motor condition characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with heightened tendon jerks as a result of the stretch reflex’s hyperexcitability. Lance’s 1980 physiological definition of spasticity is the most well-known and frequently used explanation of the…
What is a Deltoid Muscle Pain? Deltoid muscle pain is a common complaint that can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life. The deltoid muscle, located on the uppermost part of the arm and shoulder, plays a crucial role in various movements such as lifting, rotating, and stabilizing the arm. Pain in this…
Introduction The Back muscles are a group of strong, paired muscles located on the trunk’s posterior aspect. They provide spinal movement, trunk stability, and coordination of limb and trunk movements.Back muscles are divided into two major groups: Extrinsic (superficial) back muscles are those that are closest to the skin on the back. These muscles are…
Introduction The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint with the widest range of motion in the human anatomy. The shoulder muscles perform a variety of functions, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation. The scapula is the shoulder’s central bony structure and the site of…
