Introduction: The ligamentum flavum is a strong, elastic ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae, playing a crucial role in maintaining spinal stability and posture. Injury to this ligament,…
What is an Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) Injury? The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) runs along the front of the spine, providing stability and preventing excessive extension (backward bending). Injury to…
Introduction The Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) is a key ligament in the ankle, connecting the fibula to the talus. It is the most commonly injured ligament in ankle sprains, especially…
Introduction The Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL) is a strong ligament in the ankle that connects the talus to the fibula. It is the strongest of the lateral ankle ligaments and…
What is Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury? The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) injury involves damage to the cartilage and ligaments on the ulnar side of the wrist, which provide stability and…
Introduction The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is a strong, fibrous band located on the lateral side of the ankle. It connects the fibula to the calcaneus (heel bone) and provides stability…
Introduction A Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injury involves a sprain or tear of the ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. It often…
A Bruises, also known as ecchymosis, is a common skin discoloration caused by bleeding beneath the skin due to trauma or injury. It typically appears as a purplish, blue, or…
Introduction The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is a strong, fibrous band that runs along the back (posterior) of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal. It extends from the cervical…
Definition: A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury occurs when the ligament on the inside of the knee is over-stretched, partially torn, or torn completely. It is mostly caused by a…