ulna
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Ulna Bone

Introduction The ulna bone is one of the two bones in the forearm, the other bone is the radius. It is located on the medial side of the forearm when in the anatomical position (with the palms facing forward). The ulna is primarily responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus and articulates with…

Vagus nerve
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Vagus Nerve Dysfunction

Vagus nerve dysfunction may result from the vagus nerve’s inability to properly regulate several physiological functions. The vagus nerves transmit signals to your heart, brain, and digestive system. Your parasympathetic nervous system depends on it. Food not passing through your intestines, or gastroparesis can be caused by vagus nerve damage. Some people with vasovagal syncope faint because of…

radius
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Radius Bone

Introduction The radius is one of the two long bones that make up your forearm, along with the ulna. It is located on the lateral side of the forearm, which is the same side as the thumb. The radius plays a crucial role in the movement and stability of the forearm and hand, enabling activities…

Hypoglossal-Nerve-palsy
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Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy

Hypoglossal nerve palsy or paralysis is an occasional but clinically serious disorder that results from affecting the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). The tongue’s intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, which are mostly supplied by this nerve, are essential for speaking, swallowing, and keeping the airway’s purity. These abilities can be severely impaired by damage to the hypoglossal nerve….

Turkey Neck

Turkey Neck

What is Turkey Neck? Turkey neck, medically known as “cervical sagging” or “platysmal bands,” refers to the loose, wrinkled skin that often develops on the neck as a result of aging. This condition gets its name due to the resemblance of the sagging skin to the wattle of a turkey. It is a common cosmetic…

Humerus Bone
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Humerus Bone

Introduction The humerus, the biggest bone in the upper extremities, makes up the human brachium, or arm. It articulates with the radius and ulna distally at the elbow joint and proximally at the glenohumeral (GH) joint with the glenoid. The humerus’s most proximal portion is its head, which connects to the glenoid cavity on the…

Facial muscles
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Facial muscles

Introduction The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a group of approximately twenty flat skeletal muscles that are located beneath the skin of the scalp and face. The majority of them originate in the skull’s bones or fibrous structures before spreading to the skin. The facial muscles are a collection of striated skeletal…

Spinal Accessory Nerve
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Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy

Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy, also known as Accessory Nerve Palsy, is a neurological condition characterized by the dysfunction of the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI). This nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are essential for head rotation, shoulder elevation, and certain movements of the neck and scapula. Damage…

Neck muscles
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Neck Muscles

Introduction The neck muscles are a complex group of muscles that play a vital role in supporting and moving the head, maintaining posture, and facilitating respiration. They are categorized into several groups based on their location and function: the superficial muscles, the deep muscles, and the muscles of the suboccipital region. The neck muscles extend…