Introduction The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a key ligament located in the knee joint, connecting the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It provides stability by preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia and controlling rotational forces. ACL injuries, often caused by sudden stops, changes in direction, or direct impact, are common…
A High Ankle Sprain: What is it? A high ankle sprain is caused by tearing or injuring the high ankle ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula. A sprain occurs when a ligament is stretched beyond its normal limits or ruptured. Sprains come in three levels of severity: These ligaments are called syndesmosis, even though…
Introduction The intercostal nerves are a group of 11 pairs of nerves that originate from the thoracic spinal cord (T1 to T11). They run between the ribs, supplying the muscles of the chest wall and providing sensory information from the skin and pleura. The 12th pair, called the subcostal nerve, runs below the last rib….
Introduction The cervical plexus is a collection of cervical nerves created by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves C1-C4 (sometimes known as the first through fourth cervical nerves). The cervical plexus’ roots (limbs) are shown here. The 5th cervical nerve (the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C5) may also be regarded as a member…
Introduction The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is a band of tissue located on the inner side of the knee, connecting the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It provides stability by preventing excessive inward movement of the knee joint. MCL injuries can range from minor sprains to full tears and can be caused…
Introduction The sacral plexus is a neural network made up of the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and the sacral spinal nerves (S1–S4). The sacral plexus is situated on the posterior pelvic wall, behind the internal iliac arteries and ureter, and ahead of the piriformis muscle. The plexus has multiple branches, including anterior, posterior, and one…
Introduction The lumbar plexus is a neural network formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1 through L4 and the anterior ramus of spinal nerve T12. It is situated on the posterior abdominal wall, anterior to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and inside the posterior section of the psoas major muscle. The…
Introduction The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a strong band of tissue located on the inner side of the elbow, connecting the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna (one of the forearm bones). It provides stability to the elbow joint, particularly during activities involving throwing or overhead motions. UCL injuries are common in athletes,…
Hip External Rotation Hip external rotation refers to the movement of the thigh or leg rotating outward, away from the body’s midline. This motion is essential for activities like walking, running, and maintaining balance. It involves muscles such as the piriformis, gluteus maximus, and other deep hip rotators. What are the hip’s internal and external…
Introduction: Dealing with degenerative disc disease in the neck can be painful and frustrating. I faced constant discomfort, limited mobility, and the fear that it might only get worse. But through a combination of targeted exercises, posture corrections, and lifestyle changes, I found relief and regained my quality of life. In this video, I’ll share…
