Introduction A reflex is an uncontrollably stereotyped, involuntary response to a specific sensory stimulus. Every healthy individual possesses a variety of reflexes. Actually, the majority of them are innate. An…
Introduction The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint that serves as the primary connection between the lower limb and the pelvis. It is one of the largest and most…
Neurotmesis is a type of severe peripheral nerve injury that results from nerve transection. Neurotmesis involves cutting off the entire nerve, affecting the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. The myelin sheath, connective…
What is an Axonotmesis? The term "axonotmesis" describes the anatomical disruption of an axon that does not, or only partially, disturb the framework of connective tissue. Axonotmesis is a condition…
Introduction The movements of the shoulder joint, known as adduction and abduction, permit the arm to move either inward or outward toward the body. For a variety of everyday tasks…
Knee Flexion and Extension: What Is It? Knee flexion and extension are fundamental movements that play a crucial role in our daily activities, from walking and running to sitting and…
Introduction The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex structure that connects the hand to the forearm. It is responsible for a wide range of movements,…
Definition Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs) are involuntary, automatic responses to a stimulus applied to a tendon, typically involving the muscle it is connected to. These reflexes are essential for assessing…
Introduction: A critical procedure that is necessary for the knee's ultimate extension is the locking and unlocking mechanism of the joint, often known as the "Screw home mechanism (SHM)". An…
Overview Elbow problems can severely affect a person's physical health and financial stability. These conditions can limit mobility, making everyday tasks challenging, and lead to substantial medical expenses. Addressing elbow…