Introduction The pudendal nerve is a major nerve in the pelvis, originating from the sacral plexus (S2-S4). It provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum, including the external genitalia, anus, and pelvic floor muscles. It plays a key role in controlling bladder and bowel function, as well as sexual function. Injury or irritation of…
Introduction The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus, is a network of nerves located in the upper abdomen, near the aorta and behind the pancreas. It plays a key role in transmitting signals between the abdominal organs and the central nervous system. The celiac plexus is often targeted for nerve blocks to manage…
Introduction The intercostal nerves are a group of 11 pairs of nerves that originate from the thoracic spinal cord (T1 to T11). They run between the ribs, supplying the muscles of the chest wall and providing sensory information from the skin and pleura. The 12th pair, called the subcostal nerve, runs below the last rib….
Introduction The cervical plexus is a collection of cervical nerves created by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves C1-C4 (sometimes known as the first through fourth cervical nerves). The cervical plexus’ roots (limbs) are shown here. The 5th cervical nerve (the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C5) may also be regarded as a member…
Introduction The sacral plexus is a neural network made up of the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and the sacral spinal nerves (S1–S4). The sacral plexus is situated on the posterior pelvic wall, behind the internal iliac arteries and ureter, and ahead of the piriformis muscle. The plexus has multiple branches, including anterior, posterior, and one…
Introduction The lumbar plexus is a neural network formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1 through L4 and the anterior ramus of spinal nerve T12. It is situated on the posterior abdominal wall, anterior to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and inside the posterior section of the psoas major muscle. The…
Introduction: A nerve entrapment occurs when a peripheral nerve loses mobility, and flexibility, or is squeezed by surrounding tissues. A nerve entrapment can result in neuropathic/neurogenic pain, which can be acute or chronic. Nerve entrapment syndromes (meaning a shared set of signs and symptoms) are caused by swelling of the surrounding tissues or structural defects….
Introduction The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck (C5 to T1 nerve roots) and extends through the shoulder to control muscle movements and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand. It is divided into five sections: roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches. Damage to the…
Introduction The dorsal scapular nerve originates from the root of spinal nerve C5, which is one of the brachial plexus’s lateral branches. On rare occasions, it could originate from the brachial plexus’ superior trunk. The dorsal scapular nerve is a motor neuron that innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor muscles. These muscles…
Introduction The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve is a sensory nerve originating from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, primarily carrying fibers from the C8 and T1 nerve roots. It supplies sensation to the skin of the medial (inner) side of the forearm. The nerve descends along the arm, often near the basilic vein, and…
