Trapezitis
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Trapezitis

Trapezitis: What is it? Trapezitis, also known as trapezius muscle strain or trapezius myalgia, is a condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the trapezius muscle, which extends from the back of the neck to the shoulders and upper back. Neck soreness and spasms are further symptoms of trapezius, an inflammation of the trapezius muscles….

Lead Pipe Rigidity
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Lead Pipe Rigidity

What is a Lead Pipe Rigidity? Lead pipe rigidity is a type of muscle stiffness commonly associated with neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease. It refers to a uniform resistance to passive movement throughout the entire range of motion, resembling the resistance encountered when bending a lead pipe. This condition results from the hyperactivity of muscle…

wrist joint
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Wrist Joint

Introduction The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex structure that connects the hand to the forearm. It is responsible for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, radial deviation (movement toward the thumb), ulnar deviation (movement toward the little finger), and some degree of circumduction. Various bones and joints…

Physical Examination Test for Elbow Joint
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Physical Examination Test for Elbow Joint

Overview Elbow problems can severely affect a person’s physical health and financial stability. These conditions can limit mobility, making everyday tasks challenging, and lead to substantial medical expenses. Addressing elbow disorders is crucial for maintaining overall wellness and avoiding potential long-term consequences. Elbow pain can originate in many different places, including bones, tendons, ligaments, bursae,…

inter scalene triangle
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Inter Scalene Triangle

What is an Inter Scalene Triangle? An important structural segment near the base of the neck is the inter-scalene triangle. The upper limbs depend on the neck’s components functioning properly. The lower section of the first rib, the medial boundary of the scalene anterior muscle, and the scalenus medius muscle’s midpoint line define the inter-scalene…

Facial muscles
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Facial muscles

Introduction The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a group of approximately twenty flat skeletal muscles that are located beneath the skin of the scalp and face. The majority of them originate in the skull’s bones or fibrous structures before spreading to the skin. The facial muscles are a collection of striated skeletal…

Neck muscles
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Neck Muscles

Introduction The neck muscles are a complex group of muscles that play a vital role in supporting and moving the head, maintaining posture, and facilitating respiration. They are categorized into several groups based on their location and function: the superficial muscles, the deep muscles, and the muscles of the suboccipital region. The neck muscles extend…

Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Rotator Cuff Muscle

Introduction: Structure and Function of rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis muscle: Description of subscapularis muscle: Origin: Insertion: Nerve Supply: Blood Supply: Lymphatics: Action: Function: Pathologies: Tests For Subscapularis: Lift-Off Test: Bear Hug Test: Belly Press Test: Treatment of subscapularis: Infraspinatus muscle: Description: Origin: Insertion: Nerve Supply: Blood Supply: Lymphatics: Action: Function: Clinical Relevance: Assessment: Teres minor…