Nerve Entrapment
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Nerve Entrapment

Introduction: A nerve entrapment occurs when a peripheral nerve loses mobility, and flexibility, or is squeezed by surrounding tissues. A nerve entrapment can result in neuropathic/neurogenic pain, which can be acute or chronic. Nerve entrapment syndromes (meaning a shared set of signs and symptoms) are caused by swelling of the surrounding tissues or structural defects….

Brachial plexus
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Brachial Plexus

Introduction The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck (C5 to T1 nerve roots) and extends through the shoulder to control muscle movements and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand. It is divided into five sections: roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches. Damage to the…

Hip active movements
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Hip Adduction

Hip Adduction Hip Adduction is the movement of bringing the leg toward the midline of the body. It involves muscles like the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus, as well as the gracilis and pectineus. Strengthening these muscles improves stability, balance, and lower body strength, which is essential for activities like walking, running, and maintaining proper…

Hip external and internal rotation
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Hip Internal Rotation

Hip Internal Rotation Hip internal rotation is the movement of the thigh inward, toward the center of the body. This motion is essential for activities like walking, running, and changing direction. Strong and flexible hip internal rotators help maintain balance, improve athletic performance, and prevent injuries. What are the Internal and External Rotations of the…

Dorsal Scapular Nerve
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Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Introduction The dorsal scapular nerve originates from the root of spinal nerve C5, which is one of the brachial plexus’s lateral branches. On rare occasions, it could originate from the brachial plexus’ superior trunk. The dorsal scapular nerve is a motor neuron that innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor muscles. These muscles…

Hip active movements
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Hip Abduction

Hip abduction is a movement that involves lifting the leg away from the body’s midline, strengthening the outer hips, glutes, and thighs. It improves hip stability, balance, and overall lower body strength. Common exercises include side-lying leg raises, standing hip abductions, and resistance band exercises. What are Adduction and Abduction of the Hip? Hip abduction…

Distal Tibiofibular Joint
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Distal Tibiofibular Joint

The distal tibiofibular joint is the articulation between the lower ends of the tibia and fibula, located just above the ankle. It is a fibrous syndesmosis joint, meaning it is connected by strong ligaments, primarily the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments. This joint provides stability to the ankle, allowing for slight movement to accommodate the…

Sacroiliac Joint
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Sacroiliac Joint

The sacroiliac (SI) joint joins the sacrum at the base of the spine to the pelvic ilium by the sacroiliac (SI) joint. It plays a crucial role in transferring weight and force between the upper body and the lower limbs while providing stability and shock absorption. SI joint dysfunction can cause lower back, buttock, or leg pain, which frequently simulates other disorders, including lumbar…