Introduction The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical tool used to assess spasticity in individuals, particularly those with neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Severe spasticity has a profound effect on a patient’s life, influencing everything from everyday activities to mental health and even financial security. However, spasticity can help…
What is a Carrying Angle of The Elbow? The carrying angle is the angle formed between the long axis of the humerus and the forearm when the arm is extended and the palms face forward. According to anatomy, an adult human’s carrying angle is generally 10° for men and 13° for women. In addition to…
Introduction The Tardieu Scale is a clinical tool used to assess muscle spasticity, particularly in individuals with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or after stroke. In 1954, Tardieu and colleagues created the Tardieu Scale. It was changed in 1969 by Held and Pierrot-Deseilligny, and then in 1999 Boyd and Graham made more changes. Purpose…
What is Mechanical Back Pain? Mechanical back pain is a common condition that affects the spine, intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, or other supporting structures in the back. It is one of the most common forms of back pain and is typically associated with physical strain, poor posture, or repetitive movements. It is named “mechanical” because…
What is Pott’s paraplegia? Pott’s paraplegia, which causes severe spinal deformity, is a major complication that is challenging to cure with surgery and treatment alone. It has become accepted that chemotherapy alone can effectively cure Pott’s paraplegia in cases of early spinal TB. The most prevalent location for musculoskeletal tuberculosis is the spine, and symptoms…
What is a Gibbus Deformity? Gibbus deformity is a spinal condition characterized by a sharp angulation or curvature of the spine, often resulting from a vertebral compression fracture. This deformity can be caused by several conditions such as trauma, tumors, or congenital defects, but it is most usually linked to Pott’s disease, also known as…
What is Pott’s spine disease? Pott’s spine, also known as spinal tuberculosis or tuberculous spondylitis, is a form of tuberculosis that affects the vertebrae of the spine. It occurs when Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis, spreads from the lungs to the bones of the spine. This condition often leads to the destruction of…
What is a Chondromalacia Patella? Chondromalacia patella (CMP) is a disorder characterized by the weakening and deterioration of the cartilage beneath the patella (kneecap). This cartilage normally allows smooth movement of the knee joint, but when it deteriorates, it can cause pain, discomfort, and a grinding sensation during movement. Often referred to as “runner’s knee,”…
What is Patella Baja? Patella Baja is a condition characterized by an abnormally low position of the patella (kneecap) in relation to the femur (thigh bone). It typically occurs following knee surgeries such as total knee replacement or after trauma, where scar tissue formation restricts the movement of the patella, pulling it downward It may…
What is Crutch Paralysis? Crutch paralysis is a condition that arises from the prolonged or improper use of crutches, leading to nerve compression or damage, typically in the underarm area. The condition primarily affects the radial nerve, which runs along the upper arm and controls movement and sensation in the arm and hand. The muscles…
