Introduction: Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a condition where the intervertebral discs in the lower back gradually lose hydration and elasticity, leading to reduced cushioning between the vertebrae. This can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Although it’s a natural part of aging, factors like injury, obesity, and genetics can accelerate disc degeneration. Symptoms…
What is an Ulnar Artery Thrombosis? Ulnar artery thrombosis is a condition where a blood clot forms in the ulnar artery, leading to reduced blood flow to the hand. It can result from trauma, repetitive stress (as seen in hypothenar hammer syndrome), or underlying vascular disorders. Symptoms include pain, cold intolerance, discoloration, and weakness in…
The lumbar spine examination is a structured assessment used to evaluate lower back function, mobility, strength, and potential sources of pain. It typically includes observation, palpation, range of motion testing, neurological assessment, and special tests to identify conditions such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or muscle imbalances. A thorough examination helps guide diagnosis and treatment…
Bone pain and nerve pain differ in their causes, sensations, and characteristics. Bone pain is usually deep, aching, or throbbing and is often linked to fractures, infections, arthritis, or cancer. It worsens with movement or pressure. Nerve pain (neuropathic pain) is typically sharp, burning, tingling, or shooting and results from nerve damage or compression, as…
Introduction Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome (HHS) is a vascular condition caused by repeated trauma to the ulnar artery in the hypothenar region of the hand (palm side near the little finger). It commonly affects individuals who use the palm forcefully, such as mechanics, construction workers, or martial artists. Symptoms include pain, cold sensitivity, numbness, and discoloration…
What is a Muscle Pain in the Groin area? Muscle pain in the groin area is often caused by strain, overuse, or injury to the adductor muscles, which run along the inner thigh. Common causes include sports injuries, sudden movements, or inadequate warm-ups. It can also result from hip issues or nerve compression. Rest, ice,…
Introduction: Osteoarthritis braces may help with mobility, function, quality of life, and symptoms. There are several forms of osteoarthritis of the knees, wrists, shoulders, and back. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that can limit movement and cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. A medical expert may suggest an assistive device, such as a brace, based…
What is a Thoracic Outlet Syndrome? Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition caused by compression of nerves, arteries, or veins in the thoracic outlet—the space between the collarbone and first rib. It can lead to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand. Common causes include poor posture, repetitive movements, trauma, or…
What is a Scaphoid Fracture? A scaphoid fracture is a break in the scaphoid bone, a small, boat-shaped bone in the wrist, located near the base of the thumb. The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone, and it is more likely to occur in young children and the elderly than in the distal…
Pain behind the knee, also known as posterior knee pain, can result from various conditions affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments, or joints in the area. It may be caused by overuse, injury, or underlying medical conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, or a Baker’s cyst. In some cases, nerve compression or vascular issues can also contribute…
