wrist joint
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Wrist Joint

Introduction The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex structure that connects the hand to the forearm. It is responsible for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, radial deviation (movement toward the thumb), ulnar deviation (movement toward the little finger), and some degree of circumduction. Various bones and joints…

Physical Examination Test for Elbow Joint
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Physical Examination Test for Elbow Joint

Overview Elbow problems can severely affect a person’s physical health and financial stability. These conditions can limit mobility, making everyday tasks challenging, and lead to substantial medical expenses. Addressing elbow disorders is crucial for maintaining overall wellness and avoiding potential long-term consequences. Elbow pain can originate in many different places, including bones, tendons, ligaments, bursae,…

inter scalene triangle
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Inter Scalene Triangle

What is an Inter Scalene Triangle? An important structural segment near the base of the neck is the inter-scalene triangle. The upper limbs depend on the neck’s components functioning properly. The lower section of the first rib, the medial boundary of the scalene anterior muscle, and the scalenus medius muscle’s midpoint line define the inter-scalene…

Facial muscles
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Facial muscles

Introduction The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a group of approximately twenty flat skeletal muscles that are located beneath the skin of the scalp and face. The majority of them originate in the skull’s bones or fibrous structures before spreading to the skin. The facial muscles are a collection of striated skeletal…

Neck muscles
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Neck Muscles

Introduction The neck muscles are a complex group of muscles that play a vital role in supporting and moving the head, maintaining posture, and facilitating respiration. They are categorized into several groups based on their location and function: the superficial muscles, the deep muscles, and the muscles of the suboccipital region. The neck muscles extend…

Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Rotator Cuff Muscle

Introduction: Structure and Function of rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis muscle: Description of subscapularis muscle: Origin: Insertion: Nerve Supply: Blood Supply: Lymphatics: Action: Function: Pathologies: Tests For Subscapularis: Lift-Off Test: Bear Hug Test: Belly Press Test: Treatment of subscapularis: Infraspinatus muscle: Description: Origin: Insertion: Nerve Supply: Blood Supply: Lymphatics: Action: Function: Clinical Relevance: Assessment: Teres minor…

Chest muscles
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Chest Muscles

The chest muscles, also known as the pectoral muscles, play a crucial role in the upper body’s strength and functionality. These muscles are primarily responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, including flexion, adduction, and rotation of the arm. The pectoral region is found on the anterior chest wall. The serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major,…

Gluteal muscles
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Gluteal Muscles

Introduction The gluteal muscles, commonly known as the glutes, comprise a group of three muscles located in the buttock region. These muscles play a pivotal role in a variety of movements involving the hip and thigh, contributing significantly to posture, stability, and locomotion. Anatomically significant, the gluteal region is located on the posterior aspect of…

Back muscles
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Back muscles

Introduction The Back muscles are a group of strong, paired muscles located on the trunk’s posterior aspect. They provide spinal movement, trunk stability, and coordination of limb and trunk movements.Back muscles are divided into two major groups: Extrinsic (superficial) back muscles are those that are closest to the skin on the back. These muscles are…