The sacroiliac (SI) joint joins the sacrum at the base of the spine to the pelvic ilium by the sacroiliac (SI) joint. It plays a crucial role in transferring weight and force between the upper body and the lower limbs while providing stability and shock absorption. SI joint dysfunction can cause lower back, buttock, or leg pain, which frequently simulates other disorders, including lumbar…
The patellofemoral joint is a unique and complex structure composed of static (bones and ligaments) and dynamic (the neuromuscular system) elements. The patella is shaped like a triangle, having an inferiorly oriented tip. The primary articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral joint are the trochlea and the distal articulating surface of the femur, with which it articulates superiorly. Introduction The patellar surface of the femur and the posterior surface of the patella articulate to produce…
The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint located between the left and right pubic bones of the pelvis. It provides stability while allowing slight movement to accommodate activities such as walking and childbirth. The joint is reinforced by strong ligaments and contains a fibrocartilaginous disc that helps absorb shock. Introduction The hip bones’ left and…
The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a synovial pivot joint located between the distal ends of the radius and ulna. It allows for forearm rotation (pronation and supination) by enabling the radius to move around the fixed ulna. Stability is provided by the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), along with ligaments and muscle support. The DRUJ…
The tarsometatarsal joints (also known as Lisfranc joints) are the articulations between the tarsal bones of the midfoot and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. These synovial plane joints play a crucial role in maintaining foot stability and enabling movements such as walking and running. Strong ligamentous support, including the Lisfranc ligament, provides stability, while…
The interphalangeal (IP) joints of the foot are the articulations between the phalanges (toe bones). These hinge joints allow for flexion and extension, contributing to toe movement and balance. The toes’ interphalangeal joints are synovial. The proximal and distal interphalangeal joints on the four lesser toes connect three phalanges, while the hallux has a single…
The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) is the hand’s articulation between the proximal and middle phalanx. It is found in every digit except for the thumb. The bending and extension of the fingers in the middle are made possible by this synovial hinge joint, which aids in fine motor control. Introduction The fingers’ proximal interphalangeal (PIP)…
The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints are the connections between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal phalanges of the toes. These joints play a crucial role in weight-bearing, balance, and movement, especially during walking, running, and jumping. Dorsal collateral ligaments and extensor tendons strengthen the joint capsule surrounding these synovial joints. The first MTP…
Introduction Costochondral joints are the cartilaginous connections between the ribs and the costal cartilage in the front of the ribcage. These joints provide flexibility and support for breathing movements. They are synchondroses, meaning they are immobile and composed of hyaline cartilage. Injuries or inflammation in these joints can lead to costochondritis, a common cause of…
The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are the knuckle joints where the metacarpal bones of the hand meet the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These synovial joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and limited rotation, enabling fine motor movements. They are supported by collateral ligaments, the volar plate, and the extensor hood, contributing to joint stability and…
