The tarsometatarsal joints (also known as Lisfranc joints) are the articulations between the tarsal bones of the midfoot and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. These synovial plane joints play a crucial role in maintaining foot stability and enabling movements such as walking and running. Strong ligamentous support, including the Lisfranc ligament, provides stability, while…
What is The Restless Legs Syndrome? Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations like tingling, itching, or aching. Symptoms typically worsen during rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night, leading to disrupted sleep. The exact cause is…
What is Temple Fay Technique? The Temple Fay Technique is a neurodevelopmental approach that uses progressive pattern movements to facilitate brain organization and motor development. It is based on the idea that reenacting early movement patterns can help individuals with neurological impairments improve coordination and function. American neurosurgeon and neurologist Temple Fay is most recognized…
What is Homan’s Sign? Homan’s sign is a clinical test for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is positive if dorsiflexion of the foot causes pain in the calf, suggesting possible thrombosis. However, it is not highly specific or reliable for diagnosing DVT. This method was believed to cause calf pain, which was a sign of…
What is Brudzinski Sign? Brudzinski’s sign is a clinical test used to assess meningeal irritation, commonly seen in meningitis. It is positive when passive flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees, indicating possible meningeal inflammation. The doctor Józef Brudziński, who initially characterized it in the early 1900s, is remembered by…
What is a Costochondritis? Costochondritis is the inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone (sternum), causing chest pain that may worsen with movement or deep breathing. It is often benign and self-limiting but can mimic heart-related pain. Causes may include strain, injury, or infections, and treatment typically involves pain relief with rest,…
The interphalangeal (IP) joints of the foot are the articulations between the phalanges (toe bones). These hinge joints allow for flexion and extension, contributing to toe movement and balance. The toes’ interphalangeal joints are synovial. The proximal and distal interphalangeal joints on the four lesser toes connect three phalanges, while the hallux has a single…
Strabismus exercises aim to strengthen eye muscles, improve focus, and enhance coordination between both eyes. Techniques like pencil push-ups, Brock string, and eye patching can help improve alignment. Regular practice under professional guidance can support better visual function. Introduction: A condition called strabismus, or squinting, happens when both eyes are not correctly aligned. One eye…
What is Plica Syndrome? Plica syndrome is a disorder that causes pain and discomfort by irritating or inflaming the plica, a fold of tissue in the knee joint. Usually caused by overuse or repetitive motions, it can cause symptoms like swelling, clicking, and knee pain. Rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and in certain situations, surgery,…
Overview Chest pain is a symptom with various possible causes, ranging from mild to life-threatening. It can originate from the heart (e.g., heart attack, angina), lungs (e.g., pulmonary embolism), muscles, ribs, or digestive system (e.g., acid reflux). A variety of factors can cause chest pain. The two most potentially lethal causes are the cardiovascular system…
