Introduction The common peroneal nerve (also known as the common fibular nerve) is a branch of the sciatic nerve, originating in the lumbosacral plexus (L4-S2). It wraps around the head of the fibula, making it vulnerable to injury. The nerve then divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves, innervating the lateral and anterior compartments…
Introduction The anatomical snuffbox, or the radial fossa, is a triangular indent located on the outer side of the back of the hand. It can be found at the level of the wrist bones and is most noticeable when the thumb is extended. Historically, this indent was used to hold snuff (finely ground tobacco) before…
Spirometry is a common pulmonary function test used to assess lung function by measuring the volume and speed of air a person can inhale and exhale. It is widely used to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung disorders. The test involves breathing forcefully into a…
Rheumatoid Arthritis Rashes: What is it? Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rashes are skin manifestations that can occur in individuals with RA, an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the joints. These rashes may result from inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), medication side effects, or immune system activity. An autoimmune condition known as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) occurs when the…
Introduction The obturator nerve is a peripheral nerve that arises from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4) and primarily supplies the medial thigh. It provides motor innervation to the adductor muscles (adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus) and sensory innervation to the skin of the medial thigh. In several pathologic disorders and operations…
Lyme Arthritis: What is it? Lyme arthritis is a late sign of Lyme disease. It most frequently affects the knee and results in observable warmth, edema, and joint discomfort. Antibiotics can be used to treat Lyme arthritis. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted through the bite of certain types of ticks. According to research,…
What is a Myalgia? Myalgia refers to muscle pain or discomfort, which can affect a specific area or the entire body. It is a common symptom that may result from muscle overuse, injury, tension, infections, or underlying medical conditions such as fibromyalgia or autoimmune disorders. Treatment typically involves rest, pain relievers, physical therapy, and addressing…
Introduction The ability to balance has an important effect on several aspects of our everyday lives. It is essential for reducing the risk of falls, promoting better posture, increasing coordination, and increasing general mobility. As we age, keeping or improving our balance becomes more important for preventing injuries and protecting our independence. The ability to balance is extremely important for preventing falls. Balance helps us stay stable even when we need to move quickly and lets us move around without worrying about falling. It helps lower…
Introduction The sural nerve is a sensory nerve in the lower leg, originating from the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves. It runs along the posterior aspect of the calf and provides sensation to the lateral side of the foot and ankle. The sural nerve is often used as a donor nerve for grafting procedures…
The palmar aponeurosis is a thick, triangular layer of connective tissue located in the palm of the hand. It functions to protect underlying structures, provide support to the hand, and aid in grip by connecting the palmar skin to the deeper tissues. The aponeurosis extends from the flexor retinaculum to the bases of the fingers,…
