Multiple System Atrophy: What is it? Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurological illness that causes some brain regions to degenerate. Over time, this impairs the capacities and functioning of specific brain regions. This sickness is eventually dangerous. MSA is a unique word that combines the characteristics of three previous disorder designations. The conditions…
Ankle Plantar Flexion Ankle plantar flexion is the movement of pointing the toes downward, away from the body, as in pressing a gas pedal. It engages muscles like the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, playing a key role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. What are plantar and dorsi flexion of the ankle? Two basic…
Cervical Flexion Cervical flexion is the movement of the neck where the chin moves toward the chest, reducing the angle between the head and the neck. It involves the contraction of the neck’s anterior muscles, primarily the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles. This motion is essential for daily activities like looking down and maintaining neck mobility….
Introduction The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is a strong, fibrous band located on the lateral side of the ankle. It connects the fibula to the calcaneus (heel bone) and provides stability by preventing excessive inversion of the foot. It is commonly injured in ankle sprains, particularly in combination with the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). Like the…
Introduction Hives, which are a skin rash that can be very itchy, often occur due to an allergic reaction to food or something you have come into contact with. Hives can be acute, resolving quickly, or chronic, persisting for a long time. Therapies may consist of steroids or antihistamines. Usually, hives manifest as an allergic…
Introduction A Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injury involves a sprain or tear of the ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. It often results from a direct blow to the inner knee or excessive stress during activities involving sudden changes in direction. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and instability…
A Bruises, also known as ecchymosis, is a common skin discoloration caused by bleeding beneath the skin due to trauma or injury. It typically appears as a purplish, blue, or black mark that changes color as it heals. Bruises may be tender to the touch and often resolve within one to two weeks without treatment….
Introduction: Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur when the ligaments supporting the ankle stretch or tear, often due to sudden twists or rolls. Proper rehabilitation exercises can help restore strength, flexibility, and stability, promoting faster recovery and reducing the risk of future injuries. Following a sprain injury, performing gradual, planned Exercises For Ankle Sprain…
Introduction The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is a strong, fibrous band that runs along the back (posterior) of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal. It extends from the cervical spine to the sacrum, providing support and stability to the spine while preventing excessive spinal flexion. The PLL also helps protect the spinal cord and nerves….
Definition: A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury occurs when the ligament on the inside of the knee is over-stretched, partially torn, or torn completely. It is mostly caused by a valgus force on the knee and is among the most frequent knee injuries. What is a Medial Collateral Ligament Injury? Your MCL and the other…
