Introduction A program called pulmonary rehabilitation teaches you how to cope with chronic lung disease and helps you build stronger breathing muscles. In addition to exercise and education, a team of healthcare professionals may also address breathing retraining, airway clearance, mental health support, and nutrition. People with lung problems can breathe better and lead healthier…
Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, such as pollen, food, or medication. They can range from mild symptoms like sneezing, itching, or rashes to severe, life-threatening responses such as anaphylaxis. Early recognition and proper management are key to preventing complications. Introduction When the immune system overreacts to a…
Introduction Scapular dyskinesis refers to an alteration in the normal movement or position of the shoulder blade (scapula) during shoulder motion. It can manifest as a variety of presentations, including scapular winging, where the medial border of the scapula protrudes from the rib cage, or as dysrhythmia, where the scapula moves prematurely or excessively during…
Introduction Serratus posterior muscles are two sets of muscles found in the upper and lower backs. These include: These muscles work together to form the back’s intermediate layer of extrinsic musculature.These muscles’ principal function is to facilitate breathing; the serratus posterior superior muscle lifts the ribs, while the serratus posterior inferior muscle lowers them. In…
Introduction An inversion ankle sprain is a common injury that happens when your foot rolls inward, stretching or tearing the ligaments on the outside of your ankle. These ligaments are crucial for stability. It’s often caused by activities like stepping awkwardly, landing wrong after a jump, or even just walking on uneven surfaces. Severity can range from…
Ataxia-telangiectasia: what is it? Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), also known as Louis-Bar Syndrome, is an uncommon genetic illness that affects the immunological, neurological, and other body systems. When cells in your body’s central nervous system gradually quit functioning, it’s known as a neurodegenerative disease. Ataxia, or difficulty with movement and coordination, is the most prevalent symptom of A-T, and…
Introduction: The disorder known as autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ARCA1) is characterised by developing mobility issues. Early to mid-adulthood is when the disorder’s signs and symptoms initially manifest. Dysarthria, a speech disability, ataxia, a balance and coordination problem, or both are among the disorder’s early signs. Additionally, they could struggle with movements that…
A Sensory Ataxia: What is it? Sensory Ataxia is a type of ataxia caused by the loss of proprioceptive input—the body’s ability to sense its position in space—due to damage in the sensory pathways, especially the dorsal columns of the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Whenever a patient obtains a positive Romberg’s sign, it demonstrates that their…
Introduction Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is an inherited neurological illness that impairs muscle function, leading to a lack of balance and coordination. As a result of the disease, your arms and legs gradually become less coordinated. Although there is currently no known cure for Machado-Joseph disease, medication can help control…
Introduction The iliohypogastric nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus, originating mainly from the L1 spinal nerve. It provides motor innervation to the lower abdominal muscles (such as the internal oblique and transversus abdominis) and sensory innervation to the skin over the lower abdomen and upper hip (gluteal) region. It plays a role in abdominal wall…
