Hives
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Hives (Urticaria)

Introduction Hives, which are a skin rash that can be very itchy, often occur due to an allergic reaction to food or something you have come into contact with. Hives can be acute, resolving quickly, or chronic, persisting for a long time. Therapies may consist of steroids or antihistamines. Usually, hives manifest as an allergic…

Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury
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Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury

Introduction A Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injury involves a sprain or tear of the ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. It often results from a direct blow to the inner knee or excessive stress during activities involving sudden changes in direction. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and instability…

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
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Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Introduction The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is a strong, fibrous band that runs along the back (posterior) of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal. It extends from the cervical spine to the sacrum, providing support and stability to the spine while preventing excessive spinal flexion. The PLL also helps protect the spinal cord and nerves….

Medial Collateral Ligament Injury
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Medial Collateral Ligament Injury

Definition: A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury occurs when the ligament on the inside of the knee is over-stretched, partially torn, or torn completely. It is mostly caused by a valgus force on the knee and is among the most frequent knee injuries. What is a Medial Collateral Ligament Injury? Your MCL and the other…

Skin-Tightness

Skin Tightness

What is a Skin Tightness? If your skin feels tight, it may indicate dryness due to low humidity or frequent washing with severe antiseptics. If your skin feels tight, it is probably too dry. Many individuals experience skin tightness, which can occur for various reasons. As your body ages, wrinkles, roughness naturally develop. The skin…

Spinal Ligament
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Spinal Ligaments

Introduction Spinal ligaments are strong, fibrous tissues that connect bones and provide stability to the spine. They help maintain proper alignment, support movement, and prevent excessive motion that could lead to injury. Key spinal ligaments include the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, supraspinous ligament, and facet capsular ligaments….

Atelectasis
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Atelectasis

What is an Atelectasis? Atelectasis is a condition in which a portion of the lung collapses or fails to inflate properly, leading to reduced gas exchange. It commonly occurs due to airway obstruction, pressure on the lung, or shallow breathing, often after surgery or in individuals with underlying lung conditions. Although it normally only involves…