Introduction The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is a strong, fibrous band that runs along the back (posterior) of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal. It extends from the cervical spine to the sacrum, providing support and stability to the spine while preventing excessive spinal flexion. The PLL also helps protect the spinal cord and nerves….
Definition: A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury occurs when the ligament on the inside of the knee is over-stretched, partially torn, or torn completely. It is mostly caused by a valgus force on the knee and is among the most frequent knee injuries. What is a Medial Collateral Ligament Injury? Your MCL and the other…
What is a Skin Tightness? If your skin feels tight, it may indicate dryness due to low humidity or frequent washing with severe antiseptics. If your skin feels tight, it is probably too dry. Many individuals experience skin tightness, which can occur for various reasons. As your body ages, wrinkles, roughness naturally develop. The skin…
Introduction Spinal ligaments are strong, fibrous tissues that connect bones and provide stability to the spine. They help maintain proper alignment, support movement, and prevent excessive motion that could lead to injury. Key spinal ligaments include the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, supraspinous ligament, and facet capsular ligaments….
What is an Atelectasis? Atelectasis is a condition in which a portion of the lung collapses or fails to inflate properly, leading to reduced gas exchange. It commonly occurs due to airway obstruction, pressure on the lung, or shallow breathing, often after surgery or in individuals with underlying lung conditions. Although it normally only involves…
What is a Lateral Ankle Sprain? A lateral ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle are overstretched or torn, typically due to a sudden twist, roll, or damage. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, often seen in sports or activities involving quick changes in direction. Ankle…
What is an Episodic Ataxia? Episodic ataxia (EA) is a neurological disorder that affects movement. At least eight varieties have been identified, all of which are hereditary but can vary in their symptoms and onset ages. Less than 0.001 percent of people have EA, making it uncommon. Episodes of ataxia, or poor balance and/or coordination,…
Introduction: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a key stabilizing ligament on the inner side of the elbow, connecting the humerus to the ulna. UCL injuries often occur due to repetitive stress from overhead motions, commonly seen in athletes like baseball pitchers and javelin throwers. An internal elbow injury is caused by damage to the…
What is Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury? The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the tibia from shifting rearward concerning the femur is the PCL’s function. PCL injuries rarely happen alone, although they frequently coexist with other knee components (meniscus, ligaments). Every year, there are about two PCL injuries for every 100,000 people. A stretch to a…
What is a Achillis Tendon Rupture? An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete or partial tear of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It often occurs during activities that involve sudden acceleration, jumping, or pivoting. The most frequent tendon rupture in the lower limb is the Achilles tendon. Adults…
