Subscapularis muscle
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Subscapularis Muscle

Introduction The subscapularis muscle is a large, triangular muscle located on the anterior (front) side of the scapula (shoulder blade). It is one of the four muscles in the rotator cuff that control medial rotation and shoulder joint stability. During diverse upper-limb motions, rotator cuff muscles collectively stabilize and direct the humeral head inside the…

Brachialis muscle
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Brachialis Muscle

Introduction The brachialis muscle is the elbow joint’s primary flexor. It has a fusiform shape and is positioned in the arm’s anterior (flexor) compartment, close to the biceps brachii. It is periodically divided into two portions and may combine with fibres from the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, or pronator teres muscles. Structure Origin The distal part…

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle
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Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle

Introduction The serratus posterior superior muscle is found in the back’s intermediate compartment. It has a slender, rectangular shape and is placed deep in the upper back, close to the rhomboid muscles. The rib cage is raised by the serratus posterior superior muscle and lowered by the serratus posterior inferior muscle. When forced breathing is…

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle
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Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle

Introduction The serratus posterior inferior muscle is found in the back’s intermediate compartment. It is located in the lower part of the back, beneath the latissimus dorsi. It plays a role in respiration and stabilization of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. Structure The muscle is placed where the thoracic and lumbar spines meet….

Serratus posterior muscles
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Serratus Posterior Muscles

Introduction Serratus posterior muscles are two sets of muscles found in the upper and lower backs. These include: These muscles work together to form the back’s intermediate layer of extrinsic musculature.These muscles’ principal function is to facilitate breathing; the serratus posterior superior muscle lifts the ribs, while the serratus posterior inferior muscle lowers them. In…

Iliohypogastric nerve
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Iliohypogastric nerve

Introduction The iliohypogastric nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus, originating mainly from the L1 spinal nerve. It provides motor innervation to the lower abdominal muscles (such as the internal oblique and transversus abdominis) and sensory innervation to the skin over the lower abdomen and upper hip (gluteal) region. It plays a role in…

Thorax muscles
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Thorax Muscles

Introduction The thorax muscles are a group of muscles located in the chest region that play a key role in respiration and upper body movement. The thoracic wall comprises the subcostalis, transversus thoracis, innermost intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles, and internal intercostal muscles. During breathing, these muscles are principally in charge of altering the thoracic…