Introduction One chronic autoimmune condition that typically impacts the bones and cartilage is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It results in generalized inflammation. When RA occurs, the body’s immune system unintentionally targets the tissue lining the joints, known as the synovial membrane, resulting in stiffness, pain, and swelling. This inflammation can harm the joints over time, resulting…
Introduction When the immune system overreacts to a substance that most people believe to be harmless, it might result in an allergic reaction. These substances are known as allergens, and they can include things like pollen, certain foods, pet dander, insect stings, and even some medications. The immune system attempts to fight off these chemicals…
What is Balance? A basic ability for everyday tasks, balance is required to safely complete any kind of movement or activity. Balance is the body’s capacity to keep its center of gravity above its base of support while performing an action. For optimal and continuous motor performance, the vestibular, ocular, and somatosensory systems provide a…
Jacobson’s relaxation technique also known as progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), is a method for releasing tension in the muscle and, as a result, reducing stress and anxiety. It’s common to experience stress occasionally. However, if the stress increases or persists for an extended period, it suggests that the person may be carrying the tension in…
What is Kernig’s Sign? Kernig’s sign is a clinical test for meningeal irritation, often seen in meningitis. It is positive when extending the knee from a flexed hip position causes pain or resistance in the hamstrings, suggesting meningeal inflammation. To check for meningeal irritation, it is frequently evaluated along with Brudzinski’s sign. Purpose The Kernig’s…
What is Temple Fay Technique? The Temple Fay Technique is a neurodevelopmental approach that uses progressive pattern movements to facilitate brain organization and motor development. It is based on the idea that reenacting early movement patterns can help individuals with neurological impairments improve coordination and function. American neurosurgeon and neurologist Temple Fay is most recognized…
What is Homan’s Sign? Homan’s sign is a clinical test for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is positive if dorsiflexion of the foot causes pain in the calf, suggesting possible thrombosis. However, it is not highly specific or reliable for diagnosing DVT. This method was believed to cause calf pain, which was a sign of…
What is Brudzinski Sign? Brudzinski’s sign is a clinical test used to assess meningeal irritation, commonly seen in meningitis. It is positive when passive flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees, indicating possible meningeal inflammation. The doctor Józef Brudziński, who initially characterized it in the early 1900s, is remembered by…
Introduction Causes for Sudeck’s atrophy Pathophysiology Though the exact mechanisms are still unclear, a number of elements are thought to have been a role in its formation. Sign and Symptoms of sudeck’s atrophy Stages of CRPS syndrome Diagnosis The following are the diagnostic standards for complex regional pain syndrome I (RSDS) as listed by the…
Bone cancer is a rare disease that occurs when cells in the bone begin to grow out of control. It can develop in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the arms and legs. The main types include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Introduction Types of Bone Cancer Primary Bone Cancer Cancer…
