Introduction The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a group of approximately twenty flat skeletal muscles that are located beneath the skin of the scalp and face. The majority of them originate in the skull’s bones or fibrous structures before spreading to the skin. The facial muscles are a collection of striated skeletal…
Introduction The neck muscles are a complex group of muscles that play a vital role in supporting and moving the head, maintaining posture, and facilitating respiration. They are categorized into several groups based on their location and function: the superficial muscles, the deep muscles, and the muscles of the suboccipital region. The neck muscles extend…
The chest muscles, also known as the pectoral muscles, play a crucial role in the upper body’s strength and functionality. These muscles are primarily responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, including flexion, adduction, and rotation of the arm. The pectoral region is found on the anterior chest wall. The serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major,…
Introduction The gluteal muscles, commonly known as the glutes, comprise a group of three muscles located in the buttock region. These muscles play a pivotal role in a variety of movements involving the hip and thigh, contributing significantly to posture, stability, and locomotion. Anatomically significant, the gluteal region is located on the posterior aspect of…
Introduction The Back muscles are a group of strong, paired muscles located on the trunk’s posterior aspect. They provide spinal movement, trunk stability, and coordination of limb and trunk movements.Back muscles are divided into two major groups: Extrinsic (superficial) back muscles are those that are closest to the skin on the back. These muscles are…
Introduction The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint with the widest range of motion in the human anatomy. The shoulder muscles perform a variety of functions, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation. The scapula is the shoulder’s central bony structure and the site of…
Introduction The calf muscles, located on the back of the lower leg, are a crucial part of the human body’s musculoskeletal system. These muscles, primarily consisting of the gastrocnemius and the soleus, play a vital role in various movements, including walking, running, and jumping. The gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle, with two heads: medial…
Introduction The hamstring is a group of 3 muscles located at the back of the thigh. These muscles include the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. Together, they play a crucial role in various movements of the hip and knee, such as walking, running, and jumping. The hamstrings are a group of three muscles that primarily…
Introduction Four muscles in the front of the thigh are called the quadriceps, or quads. They are some of the body’s biggest and most powerful muscles. The quadriceps muscles allow you to stand, walk, run, squat, and jump. They are some of the strongest muscles in the body and together they comprise most of the…
Introduction The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th paired cranial nerve. Its name is derived from ancient Greek, where ‘hypo’ means under and ‘glossal’ means tongue. Except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve, the nerve has a solely somatic motor function, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. The hypoglossal…
