Introduction Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs, typically in the cells lining the airways. Lung carcinoma, another name for lung cancer, is a type of malignant tumor that starts in the lung. Genetic damage to the DNA of airway cells, frequently caused by cigarette smoking or harmful chemical inhalation, is…
Introduction Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis (PFT) is a bacterial infection of the flexor tendon sheath in the hand, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It results from penetrating trauma, bites, or hematogenous spread. The condition is characterized by Kanavel’s four cardinal signs: finger flexion at rest, fusiform swelling, tenderness along the tendon sheath, and pain with passive…
Introduction: Bone pain is usually deep, dull, or aching and often persists at rest or night, potentially indicating fractures, infections, or conditions like osteoporosis. In contrast, muscle pain tends to be sore, cramping, or throbbing, often worsening with movement and improving with rest or stretching. Muscle pain is commonly due to strain, overuse, or inflammation,…
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: What is It? Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA) is a rare but severe form of juvenile arthritis that affects children. Unlike other types, it involves joint inflammation and systemic symptoms such as high fevers, rash, and inflammation of internal organs. Flare-ups of arthritis, fever, and rash in children characterize systemic juvenile…
Psoriatic Arthritis: What Is It? Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that combines joint inflammation (arthritis) with skin lesions of psoriasis. It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, often in the fingers, toes, and spine. One frequent condition that affects…
What is a Chest Muscle Pain? Chest muscle pain, or myalgia, often results from muscle strain, overuse, or injury to the pectoral muscles. It can also be caused by poor posture, muscle imbalances, or referred pain from the neck or upper back. Symptoms include localized soreness, tenderness, and difficulty with movements like pushing or lifting….
Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath) refers to a sensation of difficulty or discomfort in breathing. It can be caused by various conditions, including lung diseases (like asthma or COPD), heart problems, anxiety, or high-altitude exposure. The severity ranges from mild to severe and may be acute or chronic. Proper diagnosis and management depend on identifying the…
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome): What is it? Reactive Arthritis is an inflammatory joint condition that develops in response to an infection, usually in the urinary tract, intestines, or genitals. It commonly affects the knees, ankles, and feet, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Other symptoms may include eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), urinary problems, and skin issues. The…
Exercise-induced asthma, also known as exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction(EIB), occurs when physical activity causes your airways to narrow, increasing asthma symptoms. This could involve wheezing, coughing, or dyspnea. You can avoid asthma attacks and expand your airways by warming up, using inhalers, and taking other drugs. What is Exercise-induced Asthma? Breathing becomes difficult during exercise when your airways…
Introduction Post-traumatic elbow stiffness is a condition characterized by reduced range of motion in the elbow joint following an injury, such as fractures, dislocations, or soft tissue damage. It results from scar tissue formation, joint contractures, or heterotopic ossification. Management typically involves physical therapy, stretching, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention to restore mobility and…
